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L’urgence climatique au cœur de la Journée Internationale de la Paix

De Observatoire

Cette année, la Journée internationale de la paix a été placée sous le signe de l’Action pour le Climat. António Guterres, le Secrétaire général des Nations unies (SGNU) a décidé de consacrer cet événement à la réflexion autour du lien entre le changement climatique et la paix. En résonance avec le Sommet pour le Climat, le choix de ce thème s’est naturellement présenté au SGNU : « aujourd’hui, la paix fait face à un nouveau danger : l’urgence climatique, qui menace notre sécurité, nos moyens de subsistance et nos vies ».

Également, le Département des opérations de maintien de la paix (DOMP), a publié un article rédigé par le diplomate français Jean-Pierre Lacroix et intitulé « protéger la paix : comment les Casques bleus participent à la solution pour le climat ». Dans cette publication, le Secrétaire général adjoint rappelle que le maintien de la paix, les questions de sécurité humaine et le changement climatique sont inextricablement liés, et que les Casques bleus représentent, à ce titre, une part importante de la réponse que doit fournir la communauté internationale à cette « complexe équation sécuritaire ».

Parmi les atteintes du changement climatique sur la paix, sont cités :

  • L’affaiblissement de l’accès à la nourriture ;
  • L’augmentation des chances de conflits liés à l’accès à l’eau et à la compétition pour les ressources ;
  • La précarisation des moyens de subsistance et l’augmentation des pressions économiques ;
  • L’augmentation du risque d’incendies et de la pollution de l’air ;
  • L’augmentation des déplacés internes et des migrations externes (les catastrophes naturelles déplacent trois fois plus de personnes que les conflits).

Les Opérations de maintien de la paix participent ainsi à l’Objectif de développement durable numéro 13 : « prendre d’urgence des mesures pour lutter contre les changements climatiques et leurs répercussions ». En vue de s’attaquer aux facteurs de conflits liés aux changements climatiques, la MINUSMA a mis en place des partenariats pour la création d’un espace de dialogue communautaire, ainsi que d’une commission foncière afin de cartographier les itinéraires de transhumance. La MINUSCA, pour sa part, a réagi aux conséquences de l’évolution des mouvements de bétail et de la configuration des terres agricoles, en développement des mécanismes d’analyses des risques, d’alerte précoce et en priorisant la Protection des civils.

Aussi, la 74ème session annuelle de l’Assemblée générale des Nations unies sera, selon le SGNU, l’occasion pour les États-membres de présenter des « plans concrets », dans l’espoir de renforcer l’Accord de Paris sur le climat et « les objectifs ambitieux qui sont à la base du Programme de développement durable à l’horizon 2030 ».

Rappelons finalement que les Casques bleus, tout en étant partie à la solution, sont également confrontés aux conséquences et font souvent face à des conditions climatiques extrêmes. Au Sahel, la température augmente 1,5 fois plus vite que dans le reste du monde.

Pour plus d’informations :

Crédit photo : MINUSMA/Gema Cortes

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